ABSTRACT Objective: Compare contrast sensitivity as measured in a group of Mexican diabetes mellitus patients versus a control non-diabetic group. Methods: A group of 31 volunteers, 14 participants with DM with a diagnosis time between 2 and 20 years (without diabetic retinopathy), and 17 in the control group started the study; 4 diabetics and 5 non-diabetics were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Therefore, the data analyzed were from a group of 10 diabetics (52 ± 10 years) and another of 12 non-diabetics (52 ± 6 years). Contrast sensitivity was evaluated with a Vector Vision CSV1000E chart at a distance of 2.5 meters and a luminance of 85 cd/m2. Results: A higher percentage of diabetic eyes reached a better contrast threshold at 3, 6 and 18 cycles per degree in comparison with the control group. At 12 cycles per degree only at thresholds 1 and 5. Conclusions: Contrast sensitivity in the Mexican population with diabetes mellitus displays better contrast perception at the frequencies evaluated than the control group.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comparar la sensibilidad al contraste evaluada en un grupo de mexicanos con diabetes mellitus contra uno sin diabetes como control. Métodos: Un total de 31 voluntarios, 14 participantes con DM con un tiempo de diagnóstico entre 2 y 20 años (sin retinopatía diabética), y 17 en el grupo control iniciaron el estudio; 4 diabéticos y 5 no diabéticos fueron excluidos por no cumplir con los criterios de inclusión. Por lo tanto, los datos analizados fueron de un grupo de 10 diabéticos (52 ± 10 años) y otro de 12 no diabéticos (52 ± 6 años). Se evaluó la sensibilidad al contraste con la cartilla Vector Vision CSV1000E a una distancia de 2,5 metros con una iluminación de 85 cd/m2. Resultados: Un mayor porcentaje de ojos diabéticos alcanzaron un mejor umbral de contraste en 3, 6 y 18 ciclos por grado en comparación con el grupo control. En 12 ciclos por grado solamente en los umbrales 1 y 5. Conclusiones: La sensibilidad al contraste de la población mexicana con diabetes mellitus presenta mejor percepción de contraste en las frecuencias evaluadas que el grupo control.

The aim of this study is to determine which is the most frequent visual aid use in low vision. Twenty-eight articles were consulted in a period from 2007 until now. It was observed that for near vision the hans spectacles were the best aid and for far vision telescope were more used.

Este estudio se propone conocer la ayuda visual mejor aceptada por pacientes de visión baja, para lo cual se realizó una revisión bibliográfica con el fin de contribuir al ejercicio optométrico. Se revisaron un total de 28 artículos del año 2007 a la fecha actual. En las diferentes patologías en estudio se encontró que la ayuda visual mejor aceptada para la visión cercana fueron las lupas, y para la visión lejana eran más usados los telescopios.

The marine bioprocessing industry offers great potential to utilize byproducts for fish meal replacement in aquafeeds. Jumbo squid is an important fishery commodity in Mexico, but only the mantle is marketed. Head, fins, guts and tentacles are discarded in spite of being protein-rich byproducts. This study evaluated the use of two jumbo squid byproduct hydrolysates obtained by acid-enzymatic hydrolysis (AEH) and by autohydrolysis (AH) as ingredients in practical diets for shrimp. The hydrolysates were included at levels of 2.5 and 5.0% of the diet dry weight in four practical diets, including a control diet without hydrolysate. Shrimp growth and survival were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. Postharvest quality of abdominal muscle was evaluated in terms of proximate composition and sensory evaluation. Significantly higher crude protein was observed in the muscle of shrimp fed the highest hydrolysate levels, AH 5% (204.8 g kg- 1) or AEH 5% (201.3 g kg- 1). Sensory analysis of cooked muscle showed significant differences for all variables evaluated: color, odor, flavor, and firmness. It was concluded that Jumbo squid byproducts can be successfully processed by autohydrolysis or acid-enzymatic hydrolysis, and that up to 5.0% of the hydrolysates can be incorporated into shrimp diets without affecting growth or survival.